Ping

Pinging checks the connectivity to other networked devices, routers, or internet sites.(Laurie, 2018)

Tracert

Used to show details about the path that a packet takes from the computer/device you are on to the specified destination. (Laurie, 2018)

ipconfig / ifconfig

Displays data corresponding to all current tcp/ip network config values, and refreshes the dhcp and dns settings. (Laurie, 2018)

Nslookup

Verifies that your DNS can resolve external domain names.

Dig

The command dig is a tool for querying DNS nameservers for information about host addresses, mail exchanges, nameservers, and related information. (Laurie, 2018)

Arp

Allows you to view and modify the ARP cache.

Netstat

Displays active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is listening, Ethernet statistics, the IP routing table, statistics for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP protocols. (Laurie, 2018)

Route

Views and allows you to manipulate the routing table.(Laurie, 2018)

Pathping

Gives you information about the path data takes to its destination.