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diff --git a/20-21/Lectures/DMCA.html b/20-21/Lectures/DMCA.html
@@ -27,18 +27,18 @@
 <body>
 <div class="reveal">
 <div class="slides">
-<section id="sec-title-slide"><h1 class="title">The Digital Millennium Copyright Act:</h1><h2 class="author">Dr Carey Pridgeon, Dr Nazaraf Shah</h2><p class="date">Created: 2020-06-16 Tue 12:46</p>
+<section id="sec-title-slide"><h1 class="title">The Digital Millennium Copyright Act:</h1><h2 class="author">Dr Carey Pridgeon, Dr Nazaraf Shah</h2><p class="date">Created: 2020-06-16 Tue 13:21</p>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h2 id="org6ba107a">The Digital Millennium Copyright Act</h2>
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org6ba107a">
+<h2 id="org2946388">The Digital Millennium Copyright Act</h2>
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org2946388">
 </div>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="orgcad0f76"></h3>
+<h3 id="orgd3740d8"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, or DMCA was brought into law in the US
 in 1998.</li>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ copyrighted works by anyone but the copyright holder.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org73ceba8"></h3>
+<h3 id="org7ffcfda"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>It's legal to make a copy of any form of media you own, for personal
 use. However, it is <b>technically</b> not legal to circumvent copy protection
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ the personal use clause no longer exists.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org2e17fef"></h3>
+<h3 id="org82e5939"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Video clips from any movie can be used when creating another video, and this
 is most often seen on platforms such as Youtube.</li>
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ content creator, even when usage falls within the realm of fair use.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="orgfeb7918"></h3>
+<h3 id="orge90f982"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Music sampling, if the result is either sold or placed online, will be a
 target for litigation, as sampled songs became so popular, remixing so much
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Of Music Sampling</a>., <a href="https://flypaper.soundfly.com/discover/5-music-
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="orgb21a13b">Is The DMCA Fair</h3>
+<h3 id="orgb1836e3">Is The DMCA Fair</h3>
 <ul>
 <li>One thing it set out to do was remove fair use, because fair use isn't
 profitable.</li>
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ wore out through re-use, so we'ren't that good anyway).</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="orgcb60a85"></h3>
+<h3 id="orgf5ba8c1"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Some things, like my BBC Shakespeare play DVD boxset, can't be so easily
 replaced. Others got their soundtracks replaced because obtaining the rights
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ to the original music used again would cost too much for such obscure shows.</li
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org5d716d2"></h3>
+<h3 id="orgede181d"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Without private copy rights, Lots of these shows wouldn't be available. Once
 streaming replaces personal ownership completely, there won't be any option to
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ interested in buying's done most of the harm.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org2c6e9d9">Let's talk about Hollywood</h3>
+<h3 id="org15d304a">Let's talk about Hollywood</h3>
 <ul>
 <li>One of the groups that wield the DMCA most is Hollywood, using it to protect
 their movies, (currently, for some bizarre reason, from being used in Youtube
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ ownership of the mouse.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="orgaee9949"></h3>
+<h3 id="org600855a"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>What's really interesting is how Hollywood started. A group of film makers ran
 all the way to California (a long distance at the time) to get away from this
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ profit.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="orgfcbfa1d"></h3>
+<h3 id="org12a78d6"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Yet at the same time Edison took the entire catalogue of pioneering french
 film maker Georges Méliès, now known as the pioneer of film special effects,
@@ -197,19 +197,38 @@ bankrupt <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s">Wikipe
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org7d28a82"></h3>
+<h3 id="org966b947">Talking of Patents&#x2026;</h3>
 <ul>
 <li>One could make the argument the DMCA exist because the US has learned from
 their mistakes, but as these mistakes seem to be ongoing, with the oppression
 of new artists, and software developers trying to create innovative products,
 I doubt this the case.</li>
-<li>Microsoft cofounder Paul Allen, in spite of being a billionaire, has filed
-patent and copyright infringement cases against Apple, AOL, Facebook, Google,
-and anyone his <b>definitely not a patent troll</b> company can find who might be
-infringing on one of the many thousands of patents they've managed to buy up.</li>
+<li>As an example of intelectual rights protection systems going badly wrong, we
+can look at Microsoft cofounder Paul Allen, in spite of being a billionaire,
+has filed patent and copyright infringement cases against Apple, AOL,
+Facebook, Google, and anyone his <b>definitely not a patent troll</b> company can
+find who might be infringing on one of the many thousands of patents they've
+managed to buy up.</li>
+
+</ul>
+</section>
+</section>
+<section>
+<section id="slide-sec-">
+<h3 id="orga6784b0"></h3>
+<ul>
 <li>Since buying thousands of vaguely worded software patents and then suing
-companies with them is exactly how patent trolls behave, it's kind of
-difficult to think this isn't exactly what they are.</li>
+companies with them is exactly how <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1930272">patent trolls</a> or Non-Practicing Entities
+(NPEs) behave, it's kind of difficult to think this isn't exactly what they
+are.</li>
+<li><a href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/2612424/beyond-the-bottom-line--the-true-cost-of-patent-trolls.html">Beyond the bottom line: The true cost of patent trolls</a></li>
+<li>He's far from alone in this. Copyright and patent lawsuits cost the US an
+amount estimated to be between half trillion and two trillion dollars annually
+in recent years, and this figure keeps rising.</li>
+<li>They appear to be choking the very thing they're attempting to protect,
+reducing opportunities for innovation and allowing the rest of the world, or
+those parts of it sensible enough to avoid implementing a similar system, to
+surge ahead.</li>
 
 </ul>
 
@@ -219,7 +238,7 @@ difficult to think this isn't exactly what they are.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org7b87c8c">Obligatory  XKCD</h3>
+<h3 id="orgc2721f8">Obligatory  XKCD</h3>
 
 <div class="figure">
 <p><img src="img/DMCA.png" alt="DMCA.png" />
@@ -234,7 +253,7 @@ difficult to think this isn't exactly what they are.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org551a774">Licence for this work</h3>
+<h3 id="org17ecb2b">Licence for this work</h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
 International by Dr Carey Pridgeon 2020</li>

diff --git a/20-21/Lectures/DMCA.html~ b/20-21/Lectures/DMCA.html~
@@ -27,18 +27,18 @@
 <body>
 <div class="reveal">
 <div class="slides">
-<section id="sec-title-slide"><h1 class="title">The Digital Millennium Copyright Act:</h1><h2 class="author">Dr Carey Pridgeon, Dr Nazaraf Shah</h2><p class="date">Created: 2020-06-16 Tue 12:30</p>
+<section id="sec-title-slide"><h1 class="title">The Digital Millennium Copyright Act:</h1><h2 class="author">Dr Carey Pridgeon, Dr Nazaraf Shah</h2><p class="date">Created: 2020-06-16 Tue 12:46</p>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h2 id="orgf4eeed2">The Digital Millennium Copyright Act</h2>
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgf4eeed2">
+<h2 id="org6ba107a">The Digital Millennium Copyright Act</h2>
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org6ba107a">
 </div>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org1de56db"></h3>
+<h3 id="orgcad0f76"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, or DMCA was brought into law in the US
 in 1998.</li>
@@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ devices, or services intended to circumvent measures that control access to
 copyrighted works.</li>
 <li>In short, in seeks to prevent the diseminination, <b>by any means</b>, of original
 copyrighted works by anyone but the copyright holder.</li>
-<li>This includes piracy (obviously), copying videos or dvd's.</li>
+<li>This includes piracy (obviously), copying videos or DVD's.</li>
 
 </ul>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org7d23440"></h3>
+<h3 id="org73ceba8"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>It's legal to make a copy of any form of media you own, for personal
 use. However, it is <b>technically</b> not legal to circumvent copy protection
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ the personal use clause no longer exists.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="orgef2a2eb"></h3>
+<h3 id="org2e17fef"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Video clips from any movie can be used when creating another video, and this
 is most often seen on platforms such as Youtube.</li>
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ content creator, even when usage falls within the realm of fair use.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="orge1c8ba8"></h3>
+<h3 id="orgfeb7918"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Music sampling, if the result is either sold or placed online, will be a
 target for litigation, as sampled songs became so popular, remixing so much
@@ -95,11 +95,11 @@ Of Music Sampling</a>., <a href="https://flypaper.soundfly.com/discover/5-music-
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="orga88934d">Is The DMCA Fair</h3>
+<h3 id="orgb21a13b">Is The DMCA Fair</h3>
 <ul>
 <li>One thing it set out to do was remove fair use, because fair use isn't
 profitable.</li>
-<li>I own a good number of DvDs. If the full force of the DMCA were allowed to
+<li>I own a good number of DVDs. If the full force of the DMCA were allowed to
 take hold I would be forced to replace my entire collection each time
 technology advanced to the point my current collection became unusable. This
 happened to my audio cassettes, and to my video tapes (although both of those
@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@ wore out through re-use, so we'ren't that good anyway).</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org59fcd5f"></h3>
+<h3 id="orgcb60a85"></h3>
 <ul>
-<li>Some things, like my BBC Shakespeare play DvD boxset, can't be so easily
+<li>Some things, like my BBC Shakespeare play DVD boxset, can't be so easily
 replaced. Others got their soundtracks replaced because obtaining the rights
 to the original music used again would cost too much for such obscure shows.</li>
 <li>If they get re-released at all, why do this when there's streaming now.</li>
@@ -124,16 +124,16 @@ to the original music used again would cost too much for such obscure shows.</li
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org044bd98"></h3>
+<h3 id="org5d716d2"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Without private copy rights, Lots of these shows wouldn't be available. Once
 streaming replaces personal ownership completely, there won't be any option to
 flick through your old collection. That has more appeal than you might think.</li>
-<li>Mind you, DvD itself is a dead format, private <b>digital</b> copies are the future,
+<li>Mind you, DVD itself is a dead format, private <b>digital</b> copies are the future,
 and I think this is what most concerns copyright protection people, since
 digital copies can be shared.</li>
 <li>However, so could filmstock (more on this later), and audiotape, then
-videotape and DvD. None of that, including online piracy, has brought down the
+videotape and DVD. None of that, including online piracy, has brought down the
 music, movie or television industries. Producing terrible content no-one's
 interested in buying's done most of the harm.</li>
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ interested in buying's done most of the harm.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org87f2872">Let's talk about Hollywood</h3>
+<h3 id="org2c6e9d9">Let's talk about Hollywood</h3>
 <ul>
 <li>One of the groups that wield the DMCA most is Hollywood, using it to protect
 their movies, (currently, for some bizarre reason, from being used in Youtube
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ ownership of the mouse.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org502fc65"></h3>
+<h3 id="orgaee9949"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>What's really interesting is how Hollywood started. A group of film makers ran
 all the way to California (a long distance at the time) to get away from this
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ profit.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org987122f"></h3>
+<h3 id="orgfcbfa1d"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Yet at the same time Edison took the entire catalogue of pioneering french
 film maker Georges Méliès, now known as the pioneer of film special effects,
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ bankrupt <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s">Wikipe
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org0d1c52c"></h3>
+<h3 id="org7d28a82"></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>One could make the argument the DMCA exist because the US has learned from
 their mistakes, but as these mistakes seem to be ongoing, with the oppression
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ difficult to think this isn't exactly what they are.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="org76805a3">Obligatory  XKCD</h3>
+<h3 id="org7b87c8c">Obligatory  XKCD</h3>
 
 <div class="figure">
 <p><img src="img/DMCA.png" alt="DMCA.png" />
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ difficult to think this isn't exactly what they are.</li>
 </section>
 <section>
 <section id="slide-sec-">
-<h3 id="orga256023">Licence for this work</h3>
+<h3 id="org551a774">Licence for this work</h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
 International by Dr Carey Pridgeon 2020</li>

diff --git a/20-21/Lectures/DMCA.org b/20-21/Lectures/DMCA.org
@@ -99,18 +99,30 @@
   given him this, among too many pressures to list here, caused him to die
   bankrupt [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s][Wikipedia page on Méliès]]
 [[file:img/George_Melies.jpg]]
-** 
+** Talking of Patents...
 - One could make the argument the DMCA exist because the US has learned from
   their mistakes, but as these mistakes seem to be ongoing, with the oppression
   of new artists, and software developers trying to create innovative products,
   I doubt this the case.
-- Microsoft cofounder Paul Allen, in spite of being a billionaire, has filed
-  patent and copyright infringement cases against Apple, AOL, Facebook, Google,
-  and anyone his *definitely not a patent troll* company can find who might be
-  infringing on one of the many thousands of patents they've managed to buy up.
+- As an example of intelectual rights protection systems going badly wrong, we
+  can look at Microsoft cofounder Paul Allen, in spite of being a billionaire,
+  has filed patent and copyright infringement cases against Apple, AOL,
+  Facebook, Google, and anyone his *definitely not a patent troll* company can
+  find who might be infringing on one of the many thousands of patents they've
+  managed to buy up.
+** 
 - Since buying thousands of vaguely worded software patents and then suing
-  companies with them is exactly how patent trolls behave, it's kind of
-  difficult to think this isn't exactly what they are.
+  companies with them is exactly how [[https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1930272][patent trolls]] or Non-Practicing Entities
+  (NPEs) behave, it's kind of difficult to think this isn't exactly what they
+  are.
+- [[https://www.infoworld.com/article/2612424/beyond-the-bottom-line--the-true-cost-of-patent-trolls.html][Beyond the bottom line: The true cost of patent trolls]]
+- He's far from alone in this. Copyright and patent lawsuits cost the US an
+  amount estimated to be between half trillion and two trillion dollars annually
+  in recent years, and this figure keeps rising.
+- They appear to be choking the very thing they're attempting to protect,
+  reducing opportunities for innovation and allowing the rest of the world, or
+  those parts of it sensible enough to avoid implementing a similar system, to
+  surge ahead.